Сreation

Medical career

From 1876 to 1881, he studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh Medical School, including periods working in Aston (then a town inWarwickshire, now part of Birmingham), Sheffield and Ruyton-XI-Towns, Shropshire.^[14] During that time he studied practical botany at the Royal Botanic Garden in Edinburgh.^[15] While studying, Doyle began writing short stories. His earliest extant fiction, "The Haunted Grange of Goresthorpe", was unsuccessfully submitted to Blackwood's Magazine.^[9] His first published piece, "The Mystery of Sasassa Valley", a story set in South Africa, was printed in Chambers's Edinburgh Journal on 6 September 1879.^[9][16] On 20 September 1879, he published his first academic article, "Gelsemium as a Poison" in the British Medical Journal,^[ a study which the Daily Telegraph regarded as potentially useful in a 21st-century alleged murder investigation.^[19]

Doyle was employed as a doctor on the Greenland whaler Hope of Peterhead in 1880^[20] and, after his graduation from university in 1881 as M.B., C.M., as a ship's surgeon on the SS Mayumba during a voyage to the West African coast.^[9] He completed his M.D. degree (an advanced degree in Scotland beyond the usual medical degrees) on the subject of tabes dorsalis in 1885.^[21]

In 1882 he joined former classmate George Turnavine Budd as his partner at a medical practice in Plymouth, but their relationship proved difficult, and Doyle soon left to set up an independent practice.^[9][22] Arriving in Portsmouth in June 1882 with less than £10 (£900 today^[23]) to his name, he set up a medical practice at 1 Bush Villas in Elm Grove, Southsea.^[24] The practice was initially not very successful. While waiting for patients, Doyle again began writing fiction.

Doyle was a staunch supporter of compulsory vaccination and wrote several articles advocating for the practice and denouncing the views of anti-vaccinators. ^[25][26]

In 1890 Doyle studied ophthalmology in Vienna, and moved to London, first living in Montague Place and then in South Norwood. He set up a practice as an ophthalmologist at No. 2 Upper Wimpole St, London W1 (then known as 2 Devonshire Place).^[27] (A Westminster Council plaque in place over the front door can be seen today.)

Literary career

Doyle struggled to find a publisher for his work. His first work featuring Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson, A Study in Scarlet, was taken by Ward Lock & Co on 20 November 1886, giving Doyle £25 (£2500 today) for all rights to the story. The piece appeared one year later in the Beeton's Christmas Annual 

Justice advocate

received good reviews in The Scotsman and the Glasgow Herald.^[9]

Holmes was partially modelled on his former university teacher Joseph Bell. In 1892, in a letter to Bell, Doyle wrote, "It is most certainly to you that I owe Sherlock Holmes ... round the centre of deduction and inference and observation which I have heard you inculcate I have tried to build up a man."^[28] and, in his 1924 autobiography, he remarked, "It is no wonder that after the study of such a character [viz., Bell] I used and amplified his methods when in later life I tried to build up a scientific detective who solved cases on his own merits and not through the folly of the criminal.^[29]Robert Louis Stevenson was able, even in faraway Samoa, to recognise the strong similarity between Joseph Bell and Sherlock Holmes: "My compliments on your very ingenious and very interesting adventures of Sherlock Holmes. ... can this be my old friend Joe Bell?"^[30] Other authors sometimes suggest additional influences—for instance, the famous Edgar Allan Poe character C. Auguste Dupin.^[31] Dr. (John) Watson owes his surname, but not any other obvious characteristic, to a Portsmouth medical colleague of Doyle's, Dr James Watson.^[32]

In December 1893, to dedicate more of his time to his historical novels, Doyle had Holmes and Professor Moriarty plunge to their deaths together down the Reichenbach Falls in the story "The Final Problem". Public outcry, however, led him to feature Holmes in 1901 in the novel The Hound of the Baskervilles.

In 1903, Doyle published his first Holmes short story in ten years, The Adventure of the Empty House, in which it was explained that only Moriarty had fallen; but since Holmes had other dangerous enemies—especially Colonel Sebastian Moran—he had arranged to also be perceived as dead. Holmes was ultimately featured in a total of 56 short stories—the last published in 1927—and four novels by Doyle, and has since appeared inmany novels and stories by other authors.

Jane Stanford compares some of Moriarty's characteristics to those of the Fenian John O'Connor Power. 'The Final Problem' was published the year the Second Home Rule Bill passed through the House of Commons. 'The Valley of Fear' was serialised in 1914, the year Home Rule, theGovernment of Ireland Act (18 September) was placed on the Statute Book.^[35]

Translation into other languages ​​and the film adaptation works

Doyle also wrote four volumes of poetry and a series of stage works—his first was Jane Annie, an unsuccessful attempt at a libretto to an operetta, which he wrote with J.M. Barrie.^[5] Doyle was an enthusiastic supporter of the Boer War, and wrote two histories of the events. During the First World War he also wrote extensively on that conflict, both short articles and a six-volume history. Owing to the close successive deaths of his son and brother, Doyle turned to spiritualism and wrote extensively on the subject;^[1][3] his biographer Owen Dudley Edwards writes that at the time of Doyle's death in July 1930, while the writer "most wanted to be remembered as a champion of spiritualism and as a historical novelist, it is Sherlock Holmes who has continued to capture the imagination of the public."^[1]

Sherlock Holmes 

Sherlock Holmes is a four-act play^[1] written by William Gillette and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, based on Conan Doyle's characterSherlock Holmes.

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle had always had an interest in writing for the stage but his efforts had yet to show any success.^[2] Recognizing the success of his character Sherlock Holmes, Conan Doyle decided to pen a play based on him.^[2]

American theatrical producer Charles Frohman approached Conan Doyle and requested the rights to Holmes.^[1] While nothing came of their association at that time,^[1] it did inspire Conan Doyle to pen a five-act play featuring Holmes and Professor Moriarty.^[1] Upon reading the play, Frohman felt that it was unfit for production^[1] and instead persuaded Conan Doyle that actor William Gillette would be an ideal Holmes^[2] and would also be the perfect person to rewrite the play.^[1] Gillette, a successful playwright, donned a deerstalkerand cape^[2] to visit Conan Doyle and request permission not only to perform the part but to rewrite it himself.The play opened in New York City on November 6, 1899,^[2][8] and ran there for more than 260 performances^[4] before touring the United States and then moving on to London's Lyceum Theatre in September 1901.^[2][4] During the London leg of the tour, a thirteen-year-old Charlie Chaplin played Billy the pageboy,^[4][6][8] and the play finally closed after 200 performances.^[4] Gillette later revived the show in 1905, 1906, 1910, and 1915.^[4]

Sherlock Holmes works in media other than screen, books and games